The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

罗格列酮对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能影响

目的观察罗格列酮对磺脲类降糖药继发性失效(SF)的老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的胰岛β细胞功能影响。方法选择69例SF的T2DM患者,根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁,37例)、中青年组(<60岁,32例),分别加用罗格列酮或胰岛素治疗24周,治疗前后分别测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、血脂、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HOMAβ胰岛细胞分泌指数(HOMA-IS),胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、糖负荷30min净增胰岛素/净增血糖比值(ΔI30/ΔG30)并进行比较。结果治疗后各组HbA1c、FBG、HOMA-IR均明显下降,HOMA-IS、ISI均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗后罗格列酮组FIns较治疗前有所升高(P<0.05),而胰岛素组无明显变化,治疗后各组ΔI30/ΔG30均较治疗前升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论本研究表明罗格列酮有助于诱导β细胞功能的恢复,这种作用对老年患者同样有效。     

老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的变化分析

目的肠道菌群的稳定与否不仅在维持人体正常生理功能中发挥重要作用,而且往往与某些疾病密切相关。通过了解本地区老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群变化情况,并分析不同生活方式对其的影响,为更全面控制该病奠定基础。方法收集220例2型糖尿病患者（纳入标准符合2010年美国糖尿病协会诊断标准）和120例健康人群的新鲜粪便,利用稀释平板计数法和快速细菌鉴定法对双歧杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌、拟杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌进行定性、定量分析。结果老年糖尿病患者的肠道菌群中双歧杆菌显著减少（t=17．266,P〈0．05）,肠球菌和大肠杆菌显著增多（t=7．690,P〈0．05;t=20．885,P〈0．05）。抗生素对老年糖尿病患者肠道菌群均有影响,主要受影响的细菌为益生菌菌群,其中又以亚胺培南和第3代头孢菌素的影响较大。日常生活习惯中,吸烟、饮用白酒显著减少肠道益生菌的数量（吸烟：双歧杆菌t=22．141,P〈0．05,乳酸杆菌t=18．502,P〈0．05;饮酒：双歧杆菌F=244．343,P〈0．05,乳酸杆菌F=657．400,P〈0．05）,而高纤维膳食则利于肠道益生菌的生长（双歧杆菌t=13．787,P〈0．05,乳酸杆菌t=15．754,P〈0．05）。结论在老年糖尿病患者的治疗中,除控制血糖外,采用一系列措施（如合理使用抗生素、增加膳食纤维的摄入以及戒烟限酒等）恢复肠道菌群也至关重要,有助于提高糖尿病的防治水平。     

单纯性肥胖肺功能改变的研究

目的:观察轻、重度单纯性肥胖患者通气与一氧化碳弥散功能变化,进一步探索单纯性肥胖患者肺功能障碍发生的可能机制。方法:随机选择轻、重度单纯性肥胖患者各20例和正常对照30例,采用相关仪器测定体重指数(BMI)和肺功能指标并进行统计分析。结果:轻度肥胖患者VC、TLC比正常组有所下降,差异无显著性,重度肥胖者明显下降(P<0.05)。肥胖症患者FEV1、FEV1%比正常组有所下降,重度肥胖者尤为明显,但无统计学意义,均值都在正常范围。轻度肥胖症患者DLCO低于正常组,但无统计学意义,均值在正常范围,重度肥胖患者已呈明显异常(P<0.01)。结论:单纯性肥胖患者存在限制性通气功能障碍及一定程度的阻塞性通气功能及弥散功能障碍,肥胖越严重,相应肺功能改变越明显。     

溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症的临床观察

目的:评价溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素(PRL)血症的临床疗效。方法:治疗组87例,其中单纯性高PRL血症24例,脑垂体PRL微腺瘤42例、大腺瘤21例。设健康对照组36例。治疗组均予口服溴隐亭,开始量每晚为1.25mg,隔3d增加1.25mg,直到2.5mg,tid;在治疗前及治疗后12周、24周分别测定血清PRL,同时做脑垂体磁共振。结果:治疗12周后与治疗前同性别组比较,PRL值明显下降(P<0.05),但仍高于同性别对照组(P<0.05);治疗24周后PRL值比治疗前同性别组显著下降(P<0.01),且与同性别对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。12周后,单纯性高PRL血症治愈率达100%,垂体PRL微腺瘤总有效率为42.86%;24周后,垂体PRL微腺瘤治愈率为14.29%,总有效率为80.95%,垂体PRL大腺瘤总有效率为42.86%。结论:溴隐亭治疗高PRL血症可使血PRL恢复正常,垂体PRL腺瘤缩小甚至消失。     

老年2型糖尿病并发败血症患者的临床分析

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病并发败血症患者的临床特点，以提高治疗水平。方法 对我院近13年来收治的58例老年2型糖尿病并发败血症患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 58例败血症患者致病菌入侵途径分别为：泌尿系统19例，呼吸系统17例，深静脉导管7例，胆管7例，破损皮肤1例，入侵途径未明7例。58例中，医院感染23例，占39．7％。血培养显示：肺炎克雷伯菌24例，大肠埃希菌16例，金黄色葡萄球菌10例，科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种、表皮葡萄球菌、恶臭假单胞菌和光滑假丝酵母菌各2例。24例肺炎克雷伯菌败血症患者中，肝脓肿12例（50．0％），有肝内胆管积气现象15例（62．5％）。58例患者均用胰岛素强化降糖，其中56例细菌性败血症患者应用三代头孢和氟喹诺酮类抗生素；2例光滑假丝酵母菌败血症患者静脉应用氟康唑。死亡7例，病死率12．1％。结论 2型糖尿病并发败血症以革兰阴性菌败血症多见，其中肺炎克雷伯菌败血症常有迁移病灶形成肝脓肿和肝内胆管积气现象。深静脉穿刺留置导管与留置导尿是导致医院感染败血症危险的因素。强有力抗菌及病菌迁移病灶的处理非常重要，同时胰岛素强化降糖和对症支持治疗也是抢救成功的关键。     

黄连素对2型糖尿病患者血清TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响

目的 探讨黄连素对2型糖尿病患者血清TNF-α及IL-6、胰岛素抵抗的影响及其可能机制.方法 将60例2型糖尿病患者随机分为对照组、罗格列酮组和黄连素组,并测定各组患者治疗前后的体重、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素和血清TNF-α、IL-6、C反应蛋白（CRP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）等指标;同时计算稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）.结果 黄连素组和罗格列酮组患者治疗后的FBG、HbA1C、血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP及HOMA-IR均较自身治疗前和对照组明显降低（均P〈0.05或0.01）,ISI水平则均较自身治疗前和对照组显著增高（均P〈0.01）;而对照组治疗前、后上述指标间的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）.结论 黄连素具有降低2型糖尿病患者血糖、改善胰岛素抵抗的作用,其机制可能与降低患者血清TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子有关.     

温州市公务员肥胖与相关疾病的现状分析

目的:调查和分析温州市公务员肥胖及其相关疾病的患病率,并分析影响其肥胖发病的相关危险因素.方法:检测5414例公务员体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、血脂、血压、血尿酸,分析肥胖与血脂、血糖、血压的患病率及相互关系.结果:温州市公务员肥胖的患病率为28.7%,超重的患病率为31.2%.超重组和肥胖组血脂、血糖、血压及血尿酸均高于正常组,各组间差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).糖调节受损、高脂血症、高血压的患病率依次为6.35%,46.43%,9.64%.且三种疾病的患病率均随BMI的增加而增加(P＜0.05).60岁以前肥胖和超重、高脂血症患病率随年龄增长而增加,40岁～60岁人群显著增加,但60岁以上人群患病率减少.高血压和糖调节受损患病率随年龄增长而增加(P＜0.05).结论:温州市公务员肥胖、高脂血症、糖调节受损、高血压的病率较高,且不同的年龄段发病率不一样.     

糖尿病乳酸陛酸中毒12例临床分析

目的 探讨糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒的临床特点.方法 对12例糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 12例患者均为文盲,糖尿病病程2-16年,服用的降糖药物中,4例为苯乙双胍,5例为二甲双胍,3例为中成药;在服药期间,较少监测血糖或肾功能;临床表现不典型;4例患者入院后行床旁持续静脉.静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗并抢救成功;8例经积极抢救病情好转出院,4例因酸中毒时间较长,导致休克、弥散性血管内凝血而死亡.结论 对高龄、依从性差、未定期监测血糖的患者,应慎用二甲双胍;遇急症时,应暂停或减量使用双胍类药物;CVVH治疗糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒疗效确切;老年患者切忌服用成分不详的中成药;延误治疗时间过长致使病情过于严重是治疗失败的主要原因,疑糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒者应及时检测血清乳酸并行血气分析,以免延误治疗时机.